Religion - Cardinal John Henry Newman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religion - Cardinal John Henry Newman - Essay Example Be that as it may, the relevant job of The Analogy of Butler in the strict assessments of Newman is regularly focused. â€Å"In regard to his scholarly preparing, Newman was obligated to Dr. Hawkins for more precision in the announcement and more noteworthy exactness in a contention... The Analogy of Butler shaped, as on account of such a large number of others, a defining moment in the historical backdrop of our author’s strict opinions.† (Kickham, 116) Therefore, Cardinal Newman presents the significant impacts on his strict suppositions in his Apologia professional Vita Sua and the Preface added to this book outlines the significant impacts and defining moments in his strict sentiments. â€Å"The following History of my Religious Opinions, since it is withdrawn from the setting in which it initially stood, requires some primer clarification... An impression of this sort was practically unavoidable in light of the current situation of the case, when a man, who had co mposed emphatically against a reason, and hosted gathered a get-together round him by ethicalness of such works, continuously wavered in his resistance to it, inferred his words, tossed his own companions into perplexity and their procedures into disarray, and finished by disregarding to the side of those whom he had so enthusiastically denounced.† (Newman, 3) One of the common topics of Newman’s lessons was to stress esteem centered training and he viewed instruction as not helpful to humankind without ‘the impact of Go’s grace’. The outward preparing ought to be appropriately upheld by an internal assistance and beauty which is given by Christ and his Holy Spirit.

Battle of Corregidor, 1942 - World War II

Clash of Corregidor, 1942 - World War II The Battle of Corregidor was battled May 5-6, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) and was the last significant commitment of the Japanese triumph of the Philippines. A stronghold island, Corregidor directed access to Manila Bay and housed a huge number of batteries. With the Japanese attack in 1941, American and Filipino powers pulled back to the Bataan Peninsula and Corregidor to anticipate help from abroad. While battling seethed along the Bataan line in mid 1942, Corregidor filled in as the central station for General Douglas MacArthur until he was requested to leave for Australia in March. With the promontories fall in April, the Japanese moved their thoughtfulness regarding catching Corregidor. Arriving on May 5, Japanese powers conquered wild obstruction before convincing the battalion to give in. As a major aspect of the Japanese expressions, Lieutenant General Jonathan Wainwright was made to give up every single American power in the Philippines. Quick Facts: Battle of Corregidor (1942) Strife: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: May 5-6, 1942Armies Commanders:AlliesLieutenant General Jonathan WainwrightBrigadier General Charles F. MooreColonel Samuel Howard13,000 menJapanLieutenant General Masaharu HommaMajor General Kureo TanaguchiMajor General Kizon Mikami75,000 menCasualties:Allies: 800 slaughtered, 1,000 injured, and 11,000 capturedJapanese: 900 murdered, 1,200 injured Foundation Situated in Manila Bay, only south of the Bataan Peninsula, Corregidor filled in as a key component in the Allied protective designs for the Philippines in the years after World War I. Formally assigned Fort Mills, the little island was molded like a tadpole and was vigorously sustained with various seaside batteries which mounted 56 weapons of different sizes. The wide western finish of the island, known as Topside, contained a large portion of the islands firearms, while encampment and bolster offices were situated on a level toward the east known as Middleside. Further east was Bottomside which contained the town of San Jose just as dock offices (Map). Approaching over this territory was Malinta Hill which housed a variety of braced passages. The primary shaft ran east-west for 826 feet and had 25 horizontal passages. These housed the workplaces for General Douglas MacArthurs home office just as capacity regions. Associated with this framework was a second arrangement of passages toward the north which contained a 1,000-bed clinic and clinical offices for the army (Map). <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/MfLUOmKxSv_ZdBCrAndhHZK0-0s=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/macintosh loc-5c05983a46e0fb000132bc05.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/VfUIbFid9oi8fOcY_WoYrAGmscg=/1124x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/macintosh loc-5c05983a46e0fb000132bc05.jpg 1124w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/5wlmHtRfbeqrs6SE7NUiSgH7TRo=/1948x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/macintosh loc-5c05983a46e0fb000132bc05.jpg 1948w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/fPi-Zbv5UQYg615lDThvh2xEGBI=/3597x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/macintosh loc-5c05983a46e0fb000132bc05.jpg 3597w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/HBx0NGlHYNnNhIkSRYMkru5j5_4=/3597x2534/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/macintosh loc-5c05983a46e0fb000132bc05.jpg src=//:0 alt=Douglas MacArthur class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-12 information following container=true /> General Douglas MacArthur, 1945. Library of Congress Further toward the east, the island tightened to a point where a landing strip was found. Due the apparent quality of Corregidors protections, it was named the Gibraltar of the East. Supporting Corregidor, were three different offices around Manila Bay: Fort Drum, Fort Frank, and Fort Hughes. With the start of the Philippines Campaign in December 1941, these protections were driven by Major General George F. Moore. The Japanese Land Following littler arrivals prior in the month, Japanese powers came shorewards in power at Luzons Lingayen Gulf on December 22. In spite of the fact that endeavors were made to hold the adversary on the sea shores, these endeavors fizzled and by dusk the Japanese were securely shorewards. Perceiving that the foe couldn't be pushed back, MacArthur actualized War Plan Orange 3 on December 24. This required some American and Filipino powers to accept blocking positions while the rest of to a cautious line on the Bataan Peninsula toward the west of Manila. To administer activities, MacArthur moved his central station to the Malinta Tunnel on Corregidor. For this, he was contemptuously nicknamed Dugout Doug by the soldiers battling on Bataan. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/k8txpQcNB99skz63U2xVwDDbAU8=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/skirmish of-corregidor-enormous 56a61bf33df78cf7728b626e.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/snqE86yxpVMezogMQBVsagbIQvA=/481x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/clash of-corregidor-huge 56a61bf33df78cf7728b626e.jpg 481w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/cvm1g2ChIULsNF5aZqNQrH9dhSw=/662x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/skirmish of-corregidor-huge 56a61bf33df78cf7728b626e.jpg 662w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/yaLsvJ4eeIPuUkjjwpH0RDiZaMU=/1024x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/skirmish of-corregidor-huge 56a61bf33df78cf7728b626e.jpg 1024w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/hg_Q-CSu15kU6hemBQtr6xOCkcw=/1024x642/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/skirmish of-corregidor-enormous 56a61bf33df78cf7728b626e.jpg src=//:0 alt=battle-of-corregidor-large.jpg class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-20 information following container=true /> Associated against airplane heavy weapons specialists on Corregidor, 1941/2. Photo Courtesy of the US Army Throughout the following a few days, endeavors were made to move supplies and assets to the promontory with the objective of holding out until fortifications could show up from the United States. As the crusade advanced, Corregidor initially went under assault on December 29 when Japanese airplane started a shelling effort against the island. Going on for a few days, these attacks decimated a significant number of the structures on the island including the Topside and Bottomside sleeping quarters just as the US Navys fuel warehouse (Map). Planning Corregidor In January, the air strikes lessened and endeavors started to improve the islands resistances. While battling seethed on Bataan, the safeguards of Corregidor, comprising to a great extent of Colonel Samuel L. Howards fourth Marines and components of a few different units, suffered attack conditions as food supplies gradually dwindled. As the circumstance on Bataan disintegrated, MacArthur got orders from President Franklin Roosevelt to leave the Philippines and departure to Australia. At first won't, MacArthur was persuaded by his head of staff to go. Withdrawing the evening of March 12, 1942, he gave order in the Philippines to Lieutenant General Jonathan Wainwright. Making a trip by PT pontoon to Mindanao, MacArthur and his gathering at that point traveled to Australia on a B-17 Flying Fortress. Back in the Philippines, endeavors to resupply Corregidor to a great extent flopped as boats were captured by the Japanese. Before its fall, just a single vessel, the MV Princessa, effectively evaded the Japanese and arrived at the island with arrangements. As the situation on Bataan approached breakdown, around 1,200 men were moved to Corregidor from the landmass. Without any choices staying, Major General Edward King had to give up Bataan on April 9. Having made sure about Bataan, Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma directed his concentration toward catching Corregidor and dispensing with adversary opposition around Manila. On April 28, Major General Kizon Mikamis 22nd Air Brigade started an elevated hostile against the island. A Desperate Defense Moving ordnance toward the southern piece of Bataan, Homma started a determined siege of the island on May 1. This proceeded until May 5 when Japanese soldiers under Major General Kureo Tanaguchi boarded landing specialty to attack Corregidor. Not long before 12 PM, an exceptional big guns blast pounded the territory among North and Cavalry Points close to the islands tail. Raging the sea shore, the underlying flood of 790 Japanese infantry met wild obstruction and was hampered by oil which had washed shorewards on Corregidors sea shores from the various boats soaked in the territory. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/poS3gjhxPvWLfS6atct0U54N0js=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Malinta_hosp-5c0599a9c9e77c0001031b98.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/XK_cm8bxlvztVP4lBHzZNT0AcLY=/499x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Malinta_hosp-5c0599a9c9e77c0001031b98.jpg 499w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/CeXqOp9nX08VL47TLYi48k3-1j4=/698x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Malinta_hosp-5c0599a9c9e77c0001031b98.jpg 698w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/dTO84vMFcS6TDfNYyg4oTIiCPfs=/1097x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Malinta_hosp-5c0599a9c9e77c0001031b98.jpg 1097w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/9A9bqBDwGETIrOWrvZw-2qgRCIs=/1097x700/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Malinta_hosp-5c0599a9c9e77c0001031b98.jpg src=//:0 alt=Malinta Tunnel Hospital class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-33 information following container=true /> Medical clinic in the Malinta Tunnel, Corregidor. US Army In spite of the fact that American gunnery claimed an overwhelming cost for the arrival armada, the soldiers on the sea shore prevailing with regards to increasing an a dependable balance in the wake of utilizing Type 89 projectile dischargers known as knee mortars. Battling heav

How to Set Realistic, Achievable Career Goals

How to Set Realistic, Achievable Career Goals Have you ever taken the time to think about where you want your career to be one year from now? Five years? Ten years? If you want to achieve success and take your career to the next level, you need to learn how to set career goals. Career goals are targeted objectives that describe exactly what you want out of your career.Many people feel that setting career goals is a waste of time. Don’t make this mistake. Without career goals, achieving success in your professional life is next to impossible. After all, you need to know your destination in order to get there.Career goals provide you with a roadmap that will take your career from where it is now to where you want it to be. They help you determine the skills and experiences you need in order to take your career to the next level. Career goals also give you focus and provide you with a benchmark for determining if you are getting any closer to where you want to be.Setting career goals is not enough. You need to make sure that your goals are realistic and achievable.This means that with enough commitment, hard work and sacrifice on your part, you should be able to achieve your career goals. A lot of times, many people set goals that are too lofty.The problem with setting goals that you cannot realistically achieve is that it leaves you feeling discouraged. It creates this mindset that you cannot achieve any of your goals.Let’s assume that I decided today that my goal is to become a professional footballer and play for one of the top clubs in Europe.This goal is not very realistic.I haven’t touched a soccer ball in the last 5 years or so. I have not been doing any training for the last ten. I am almost at the age where most soccer players retire. Regardless of how much effort I put into it, my chances of being a soccer star are next to zero.On the other hand, if my goal is to become a regular writer for a leading website within the next two years, I can actually achieve this goal since it is in line with m y skills and experiences. This is what it means to set realistic and achievable goals.So, how do you set goals that are ambitious and spur you to success without overwhelming yourself at the same time?Below are a few tips on how to do set realistic and achievable goals. YOUR CAREER GOALS SHOULD BE SPECIFICMany of us have very broad career goals. I want to earn a promotion. I want to become a great writer. I want to become successful. Sure, earning a promotion, becoming a great writer or being successful is a great thing, but these goals are very vague.They don’t push you towards anything specific. What does it mean to be a great writer? Is it to write a bestselling book or to regularly contribute in an international magazine? What does it mean to be successful? Is it to have your own car and house, or is to become the CEO of a fortune 500 company?In order to set realistic and achievable career goals, you need to be specific. Look into the future and create a vision of exactly what you want for your career. How exactly do you want your job to be like? Instead of saying that you want to earn a promotion, include the position you are aiming for in your goals.For example, you might say, “I want to be promoted to Chief Financial Officer.” Instead of saying you want to be a great writer, describe what being a great writer means to you. For example, you might say, “I want to become a regular contributor to the XYZ magazine/website.” Instead of saying you want to be successful, describe what success means for you. For example, “I want to run my own business that brings in over $1 million in annual profits.”Being specific when setting your career goals has a number of benefits.First, a specific goal provides you with greater clarity about what you actually need to do in order to achieve the goal. It is easier to come up with a plan of what you need to do in order to build a profitable business than it is to plan how to ‘be successful’.Second, specific goals give you more motivation to work towards the goal compared to vague goals. Your chances of achieving your goals are also higher when you have a clear vision of a specific goal you are aiming for, according to various studies.YOUR GOALS SHOULD BE MEASURABLEIn order for your career goals to be effective, they need to be measurable.In other words, you need a criteria for determining that the goal has been achieved. Career goals without a measurable criteria are too ambiguous to achieve.Consider someone whose goal is to increase their income. This goal is not measurable.If he increases his income by $5, will he consider himself to have achieved his goal? What exactly is he aiming for?On the other hand, someone whose goal is to increase their income by 20% knows exactly what he wants. He won’t rest until he achieves the 20% increase. A measurable goal provides you with a benchmark for meaningfully tracking your progress.YOUR GOALS SHOULD BE CHALLENGING BUT ATTAINABLESetting care er goals is about finding the balance between being challenging and attainable. The essence of setting goals is to spur yourself to take action to push your career to the next level, to do something that you have never done before.Therefore, your goals need to be challenging. Great, effective career goals should put you in a discomfort zone.They should be accompanied by some fear, uncertainty and doubt. There should be the risk that you might not achieve the goal if you do not raise the bar and put in a lot of effort. This is what leads to growth. It makes no sense setting goals if you know you can achieve them without much effort.At the same time, you should not have your head in the clouds. Don’t set goals that are too ambitious.   Remember my goal of becoming a world class soccer player? The goal is challenging, but it is not attainable. In fact, if I told my peers about this goal, they would think I am delusional. For a goal to be effective, it also needs to be attainable.It s hould be compatible with your skills and abilities. If you do not have the skills required to achieve the goal, it should be possible for you to gain these skills. Setting goals that you cannot realistically achieve will only leave you demoralized and erode your self-confidence.A good way of determining if your goal is attainable is to consider your personal limitations. Are there any obstacles that might prevent you from reaching your goal? Is there something you can do to overcome these challenges?For instance, if your goal is to make a change to an entirely different career where you have no training, you might need to go back to college.Do you have the money to pay for college, as well as the time to attend classes considering your current schedule? If you cannot afford paying your way through college, then your goal might not be very realistic.If you have a way of getting yourself through college, however, your goal is attainable, even though it might take a while to achieve it .YOUR GOALS SHOULD MOTIVATE YOUThis is something people usually forget when coming up with their career goals. Very often, people set certain career goals because they sound good or because they think they should set such goals.When setting goals for your career, you need to think about yourself. Is the goal important to you? Do you actually want to achieve it? Does it motivate you? Do you personally value the outcome? If you set goals because you think they sound good or because others expect you to have such goals, you won’t have the motivation to go after them.There will be nothing pushing you to put in the work to make it happen, which means your chances of achieving the goal will be very slim.Think about your priorities in life and set career goals that are in line with these priorities. This gives you a sense of urgency and the attitude that it has to be done regardless of what it takes.A good way of making sure that your goals are motivating is to consider the reason behind the goal. Why do you want to achieve that goal? What makes it so important for you to achieve this goal?Once you figure out why you are chasing the goal, it will motivate you and keep you going even when doubts and lack of confidence creep in.DETERMINE HOW YOU ARE GOING TO ACHIEVE THE GOALSThere is a popular saying that a goal without a plan is only a dream. If you have no idea what it takes to achieve your career goals, you are only wishing.For your goal to be effective and attainable, you need to find out what exactly you need to do to achieve it.Here, you need to ask yourself questions like:What skills do you need to learn?How long will it take?How much will it cost?Do you need to make any lifestyle changes?Answering these questions might require you to do some research. Once you determine what it takes to achieve the goal, you can now break the goal into small chunks or sub-goals that you can work on in the short term.A huge goal might seem out of reach, and makes it easy for y ou to procrastinate or put it off. Once you break it into smaller steps, however, it appears a lot more attainable.Breaking it into smaller steps also provides you with milestones to track your progress.For instance, if your goal is to learn CSS and HTML so that you can become a self-employed web developer within a year, it is easy to leave it at that.However, by committing to going through two video tutorials every week, your overall goal becomes a lot more manageable and achievable.ASSESS YOUR COMMITMENTImagine a friend has invited you to a party at an address you have never been to before. To help you get there, your friend sends a pin drop of the location to your phone. With this pin drop, you can use the map on your phone to find the place where the party is happening.However, you have to get into your car and actually drive yourself over. Your career goals are like the pin drop shared by your friend. They help you know where you are going and how to get there. But they are not enough.The same way you have to drive yourself to the party, you have to put in some time and effort in order to realize your goals.Having determined what you need to do in order to achieve your career goals, you now need to assess yourself and determine whether you will be committed enough to follow through with what needs to be done.This is especially important if your goal is a challenging one.Achieving your goals will not be easy.Are you willing to put in the time and effort it takes to achieve it? Going back to the example of learning CSS and HTML, will you commit to going through two tutorials each week, or do you think it is a lot of work?It makes no sense setting goals if you will not be committed to them. If you doubt that you might not be committed enough to follow through with your goal, this is a sign that you need to revise your goal or set a new one that you will be committed to.Inability to commit to your career goals might also be a sign that your goal does not moti vate you.A goal will only be realistic and achievable if you can make the commitment to yourself that will do whatever it takes to achieve the goal.YOUR GOAL SHOULD BE TIME-BOUNDThe other day, I was talking to a friend about goal setting and he said his goal was to make a lot of money and buy a Ferrari. I asked when he planned to do this, and he simply answered “someday.”This is something very common with a lot of people. They know want they want to achieve, but they simply do not have a timeline for when they want to achieve it. Without a timeline, your goals are not very effective. If it doesn’t matter when you achieve your goals, what will push you to start working on them today?Having a deadline for your goals has several benefits. First, it keeps you accountable. A deadline provides you with a critical metric for measuring your outcome.You know that if you do not achieve a certain outcome by a certain date, then your efforts will be deemed as a failure, regardless of how much progress you might have made.The risk of failing puts pressure on you and pushes you to start taking action. Without the time constraints, there is really no accountability and no sense of urgency since you can always do it later. Lack of a timeline leads to procrastination.Second, having a timeline allows you to break your goal into manageable chunks. Once you know the timeline within which you need to achieve your goal, you can break down the goal into smaller goals that you need to achieve every day or every week.For instance, if your goal is to make $1 million someday, you might not worry so much about how much you make every single day, since you will eventually get to the target, even if it takes you ten years. If you goal is to make $1 million within a year, however, this means that you need to make at least $2740 every single day.Knowing what you need to do in the short term allows you to prioritize and focus on activities that move you closer to your goal. If you know that you need to make $2740 every single day, you are unlikely to waste time on TV shows and social media until you make sure you have reached your daily target.A timeline also provides you with a way of tracking your progress. Let’s assume that your goal is to write a book within a year.If you find that you are yet to start writing the book halfway down the year, this is a clear indicator that you are not on track to complete the book by the end of the year. It tells you that you need to work twice as hard as you had planned to if you want the book to be ready by the end of the year.Once you start setting your career goals, make sure they are attached to a deadline. This will make them realistic and achievable and will provide you with the motivation and inspiration you need to start taking action.PUT YOUR CAREER GOALS IN WRITINGThis is the final step of setting realistic and achievable goals. Once you have come up with realistic and achievable goals for your career, you need to put them in writing. Get a notebook or a piece of paper and note down your goals.When doing this, use the word “will” instead of “might” or “would like”. For instance, if your goal is to increase your profits by 20%, write“I will increase my profits by 20% by the end of the year,” not “I would like to increase my profits by 20% by the end of the year.”Using the word will provides you with passion, commitment, and will power to pursue your goals. Using the words “would like” or “might” presents your goals as a nice-to-have, not something you need to do at all costs.Once you have your goals written down, place them in a visible place where you can see them every single day, such as on your bedside table, refrigerator, bathroom mirror, or desk.You might be wondering if this step is actually important. Many people set their career goals but never bother to write them down? Why do you need to write down your goals? Putting your goals in writing has several ben efits.First, it helps visualize your goals. Before writing down your career goals, you need to visualize them clearly in your mind. Visualizing your goals motivates you to work harder and increases your chances of achieving the goal. Research shows that those who visualize their goals are more likely to achieve them.Writing your goals down also helps to transform them from abstract concepts to something real. When you just think about your goal, the goal is not physically real. It only exists in your mind, and it’s easy for you to change your mind. But once you put them down in writing, they become real and tangible.You can visually see them and you are more likely to feel committed to achieving them.Finally, putting your goals in writing serves as a reminder. I mentioned that you should place your goals in a place in a visible place where you can see them on a daily basis. Looking at your goals every day reminds you what you are working towards and keeps you motivated on a daily basis.The importance of writing down your goals is backed by science. According to a study conducted by Dominican University psychology professor Dr. Gail Matthews, by simply writing down your goals, you are 42% more likely to achieve them.Therefore, after you come up with goals for your career, finish the process by writing them down.WRAPPING UPSetting career goals is essential if you want to get to the pinnacle of your career. In addition to setting career goals, you have to make sure your goals are realistic and achievable.In order to do this, your goals should be specific and measurable. They should be challenging but at the same time not overly ambitious. Your goals should also be motivating to you and should be tied to a deadline.When setting your career goals, you should also determine how you are going to achieve the goals and evaluate your commitment to the goals.Finally, you need to put your goals in writing in order to increase your chances of attaining them.

Illegal Immigrants in the United States Essay - 1209 Words

Many people in America have something against immigrants who come to this country looking for a better life and to escape from violence. â€Å"It is certainly not fair that undocumented immigrant workers do not pay taxes, and it is certainly unfair that they use public services without contributing to it† (Miller 55). For these Americans, their perspective on illegal immigrants is that they are nothing but a waste of space in this country and they are taking away this country’s resources and money with all the kids they are making once they accommodate themselves. The Americans who dislike illegal immigrants want the government to send them back to their country because they just cannot stand immigrants. Illegal immigrants learned how to adjust†¦show more content†¦Several illegal immigrants buy a fake identification that they get from people who are selling it for a few hundred dollars. â€Å"They get on the payroll by using fake or fraudulent social security numbers or social security numbers of the deceased†(Germano). Another way for an illegal immigrant to get on the payroll is by getting an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number. According to Roy Germano â€Å"Immigrants now file their income taxes using Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers (ITINs)†. Even though they have a number that they use to pay taxes, illegal immigrants also have to pay taxes for everything they buy including food, house rent, and other items. â€Å"Immigrants—legal and undocumented—all buy things, and thus pay these taxes as part of their purchase†. Immigrants are consumers just like everyone else in America. They have things that they have to buy to survive in this country, so they should be treated with respect regardless of their status. Secondly, illegal immigrants who lived in the United States for more than ten years should not be deported because they help the economy. Most of the illegal immigrants who come to this country leave their native country so they can have a better life and, unlike many Americans, they are willing to take any kind of job no matter how harsh the labor can be. Illegal immigrants take any job they can because they have no choice. â€Å"Undocumented immigrants—and immigrants in general—are more likely to work in theShow MoreRelatedIllegal Immigrants : The United States1392 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Lema Professor Ferrell English 1470 19 Oct 2017 Illegal Immigration Illegal immigrants are coming into the United States at an alarming rate and it is affecting the United States in negative ways. Immigrants are drawn to America to escape poverty, corrupt government, crime, severe danger, drugs, or persecution in their own countries. Immigrants that come to the United States of America are supposed to apply for a Visa when they first arrive. To get a Visa, the peopleRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States1303 Words   |  6 PagesAs history has shown, millions of immigrants have flocked to the United States in attempts to find a better life. The complexity of immigration is much greater now than it was in the early 1900’s. Most immigrants arriving on boats to Ellis Isle would have only been denied if they were deemed to be a criminal or with disease. Individuals must now endure an extensive application process to obtain a green card or visa. Without one of these documents, the person is considered to be here illegally. To dayRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States1248 Words   |  5 Pagesa half million unauthorized immigrants in the United States in 2014. The population has remained stable for five years, and currently makes up three and half percent of the nation’s population. In the United States Labor Force, there were eight million unauthorized immigrants either working or looking for work in 2014. Is it ethical to employ illegal immigrants? According to the Pew Research Center, Currently, â€Å"49% of US citizens agree with the statement â€Å"immigrants today strengthen the countryRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States1418 Words   |  6 PagesAn illegal immigrant, who works for their keep in an unknown country, contributes to taxes, stays out of trouble, and just wants a better life in a foreign country, on unknown land should be recognized for their contribution to that particular society. An illegal immigrant is a person who migrates to a different country i n a way that is in violation of the immigrant laws of that country. Immigration has been a divided topic for many years in America- illegal immigrants are sometimes seen as a burdenRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesand illegal immigrants originate to the United States. From all around a world, individuals want to arise toward America for an improved existence for them and their families. America is a freedom-oriented country, where everybody has right how to live their life in their own conditions. I myself, I remain immigrant as well. I came to U.S.A. 5 years ago. American culture remains actual diverse somewhat from other cultures. In this country, we all get the liberty to live our life. The United StatesRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesIllegal immigrants have been present in every country ever since governments have been established. Even in the time when Christopher Columbus first s et foot on North America, there were already Natives living on the continent. The British immigrants that first established the Thirteen Colonies brought disease and famine with them. Many Natives died from the diseases that the British brought with them. If there had been a federal government in place, the settlers would have been considered illegalRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States1256 Words   |  6 PagesAn immigrant is a person who legally comes to a country to take up a permanent residence. An illegal immigrant is a person who does come to a country without following the established legal procedures of the destination country and who resides in that country without the proper identifications for example: visas, or other documents. Illegal immigrants are sometimes referred to as illegal aliens or undocumented workers. Emigration and immigration are two sides of the same basic act of human migrationRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States1490 Words   |   6 PagesThe United States of America constantly boasts about its homeland security system and the 1.6 million dollar budget it grants to immigrant and border control. However, in the past decade the number of illegal immigrants in the US has risen from around 4 million to 11.6 million. Its insane that the United States is spending the extremely generous sum of 1.6 million dollars on border control out of its 3.8 trillion dollar budget, and is seeing no return! Currently, about 3.5 million illegal immigrantsRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And The United States1848 Words   |  8 Pagesof the United States immigration has reliably transformed into a bit of our nation s fabric which began many years earlier. Just to wind up one of the most sizzling subjects in the United States and as of late with its essential center being illegal immigrants. Illegal immigrants are individuals who enters a country without the administration s authorization. In 2008, the Center for Immigration Studies assessed that there are more than 11 million illegal immigrants in the United States which areRead MoreIllegal Immigrants : The United States1174 Words   |  5 PagesEach year about 2.5 million Illegal immigrants attempt to cross the border, only about 100,000 and less make it through. Illegal immigrants come to America for a better life. They have gradually increased over time since the 1800’s. Illegal immigrants can come from all parts of the world, but most them come from spanish speaking countries (South and Central America). Most Americans believe illegal immigrants are a problem to the U.S.. Also, Illegal immigrants are believed to be bringing crime, but

Taking a Look at Climate Change - 964 Words

Global warming has been a hot topic for generations. Questions like What is causing it? How can we reduce it?, or Is it natural or a man-made cause? Have stumped scientists and engineers. Most people think that reducing global warming means having to buy expensive green contraptions or driving fuel-efficient cars, that can be dangerous, due to their size, and can take hours to charge. But fortunately, there are effective and cost efficient ways to reduce global warming and live a cleaner, healthier life. One thing is for sure, the climate is changing and if we dont do something soon, the Earth my face harmful, and even deadly consequences. Global warming is caused by emissions of greenhouse gases such as Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Methane (CH4), which is the strongest of the greenhouse gases, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and Water Vapor (H2O). Greenhouse gases absorb Infrared Radiation (heat) photons and re emit them back to Earth, trapping them in the atmosphere as Thermal Energy, in a proc ess called the greenhouse effect. Things like factories, transportation, electricity energy, and agriculture/cattle ranches cause those emissions of greenhouse gases. If too many greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere, too much heat will become trapped and the Earth’s temperature will rise. Since the use of the beforementioned has become more frequent, the ppm (parts per million) of atmospheric greenhouse gases has risen, too. Scientists have seen a rapid increase ofShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Climate Change1769 Words   |  7 PagesIf we are going to look at the consensus on climate change we should start by defining which group of people is supposed to be reaching that consensus. All scientists are supposed to know all there is to know about every field of science; 17,000 scientists signed a petition saying theres no convincing evidence that greenhouse gases will disrupt the earths climate; 31,000 scientists are saying that global warming is beneficial. A lot a meteorologist become weather forecasters or pilots or teachersRead MoreTaking a Look at Climate Change1400 Words   |  6 PagesClimate change is a very real and prevalent issue in today’s society. So what can we do to stop it? Can we reverse the effects that have already taken place? This essay will address the issues of climate change, answer questions and talk about prevention. It is said that the Earth’s climate has been changing for the past century (State Government of Victoria, 2014). There is new found, stronger evidence that there have been increases in the average temperature across the globe and that the believedRead MoreTaking a Look at Climate Change1619 Words   |  6 Pagesaccelerated development , the climate is changing because of human activity affects the installation of the components of the Earths atmosphere through the buildup of gases , especially carbon dioxide , methane and nitrous oxide , a greenhouse gas known greenhouse gases and has the property of attracting heat and thus the accumulation causes global warming, despite the fact that the interaction of the Earth with the changes in the atmosphere and try this planet to modify climate , however, global warmingRead MoreClimate Change in Earth1381 Words   |  6 Pagesmy view, climate change is the most severe problem that we are facing today-more serious even than the threat of terrorism. (King, 2004) were the wise words of Chief Scientific Advisor to the United Kingdom Government. For decades two major topics have been discussed from scholars to mere regular individuals. Rich people, the less fortunate, people from Canada or people from the Middle East, these two topics affect everyone. Those two topics are: climate change and tourism. Climate change can be definedRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On Society1223 Words   |  5 PagesThesis Climate change has been a highly controversial topic for the last couple of decades, in the last decade it has come more ever so pronounced under the public highlight. It is a very highly debatable topic in which many sides both scientific along with general public try to search for answers on if it’s a human caused one or one that just what mother earth herself continually goes though. I will be covering both the scientific reasoning on what might be causing climate change and how virtueRead MoreClimate Change On The Oceans1581 Words   |  7 PagesClimate change has become a large topic of interest especially in the last few years. While climate change will have many wide reaching effects the focus of this paper will be on oceans. One of the more obvious effect of climate change on the oceans will be warming of the water. From 1971 to 2010 the upper ocean defined as 700 meters and above warmed, it may have also warmed prior to that time but data was not very well kept or consistent during those times. While the water close to the surface couldRead MoreHow Can An Injustice Be Changed?1186 Words   |  5 Pagesinjustice be changed? First, one must have the knowledge of the injustice. Global climate change is an injustice because it brings damage and harm to animal, human, and environmental habitats. â€Å"Global climate change affects Earth’s capacity to sustain life†. Global climate change refers to the alteration of the Earth’s atmosphere temperature (Glossary). Utilitarianism is a theory to find alternatives to combat global climate change. Utilitarianism focuses on the positives influences that come to the greatestRead MoreClimate Awareness Website Paper1076 Words   |  5 Pagescurrently helping the environment; that website is, The Climate Reality Project. Here is a link for you to browse this website to become for familiar with it, https://www.climaterealityproject.org/. The main topic of this website is that we must d o better things to create a better future for our world. We must also spread the word around, so that more people are becoming aware of it, for the benefit. People who want more information about Climate Awareness should visit the website. It will impact yourRead MoreThe Myths About Climate Change Essay790 Words   |  4 Pageshttp://skepticalscience.com/argument.php 1. This link covers many of the myths about climate change. †¢ List two of the myths that you found most interesting. †¢ Outline what each myth is, and what the right answer to that question or item is. Reviewing the website above, I must say some people are extremely foolish and a vast majority of the claims they make are extremely ridiculous! Global Warming and Climate change are ever present and the effects are seen worldwide. The fact that there are so manyRead MoreClimate Change Has Affected Water Resources1425 Words   |  6 PagesClimate change is one of the major environmental concerns in society today. It has involved scientists from all fields, politicians from all aspects and even the ‘common’ citizen. As much as it is a major talk among people, some individuals however are not convinced that climate change is actually taking place. So scientists have gone on to do studies and provide empirical evidence that indeed climate change is taking place. Some of the areas that climate change has affected include; an increase

Respond To Pupils’ Use Of Home Language Free Essays

Karen is working with a small group of children who have brought a toy in from home and have been asked to talk about it to the rest of the group. Ben is from Wales and has a very broad accent which is different from other children in the group, who are from London. When Ben stands and starts to talk a girl in the group starts laughing with her friend and tries to imitate him. We will write a custom essay sample on Respond To Pupils’ Use Of Home Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now What should Karen do? Why is it important not to ignore the pupils who laugh? Karen should talk to the girls who were laughing and explain that every person is a unique individual and we all have differences. They may not have intended to upset Ben or realise the impact their behaviour could have on him. She should ask the girls how they would feel if somebody laughed at them because of their accent or their appearance or other factor that is beyond their control. Considering the feelings of other people should always be encouraged. It is extremely important not to ignore this behaviour as pupils may think that it is acceptable to do this. Ben could become upset and feel isolated, which could have a serious impact on his self-confidence. His work may also be affected, he may not want to attend school, become withdrawn or even start to display unacceptable behaviour himself. To help promote diversity, Ben should be encouraged to talk to his peers about where he is from. If Ben speaks Welsh, he could teach a few basic words to the class. At Meadow View, some teachers encourage children to answer the register in a different language. A situation like this would be ideal to educate students about Ben’s background and hopefully make him feel included and accepted amongst his classmates. How to cite Respond To Pupils’ Use Of Home Language, Papers

Strategic human resource management Ethic

Introduction The role of ensuring that an organization abides to ethical principles is, perhaps, the most important role of any human resource department in an organization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic human resource management: Ethic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A human resource department has to ensure that staff members work in conformance with universal ethical principles. It also has to ensure that there are clear rules governing the conduct of the employees of the organization. Such rules should be part of the policies of the organization that the human resource department develops in consultation with other departments (Hà ¤rtel and Fujimoto, 2010). It is also the role of the human resource department of an organization to ensure that the ethical guidelines of the organization are, as much as possible, in conformance with the law of the land. This paper looks into the approaches that hu man resource departments in organizations can use to ensure that staff members in the organization are ethical. Structures for implementation of ethics in an organization A number of structures, both legal and social, are prerequisite if an organization has to have ethical members of staff. Firstly, people should know what is required of them in advance. To achieve this, the organization should develop ethical principles that employees should follow and circulate them to the members of staff. The organization should also accompany this with the corresponding punishment that the employees will receive for violating these principles. This kind of a structure encourages some potential violators of ethical principles live by heteronomous morality (Fombrun et al., 1984). It can also attract some level of conventional morality where employees will obey with the rules to avoid a situation in which their lack of ethics would affect their relationships with fellow employees or even their car eers.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, before employees join an organization, they should sign a contract that details their roles in the organization, and the major ethical principles that they should obey. The latter may include an agreement for keeping organizational secrets and related ethical principles. The preparation of the contract should be in such a way that it is in conformance with both the policies of the organization and the prevailing legal requirements. Implementing universal ethical principles It is of essence for the human resource departments of organizations to leave some ethical principles unaddressed so that employees can have individual initiative in complying with them. For instance, in an organization where personal hygiene is not a sensitive issue, it is important for the employees to have individual initiative in conforming to this princ iple. This kind of initiative will also drive them towards conformance with other universal ethical principles. The dilemma between ethical and legal aspects of morality In some cases, legal aspects of morality conflict with ethical aspects of morality. This calls for a clear policy in organizations on which legal aspects of morality are discouraged in the organization. For instance, it is common knowledge that homosexuality is legally acceptable in some countries. However, in some organizations within those jurisdictions, engaging in same sex relationships openly may attract ethical penalties that may be as serious as dismissal (Legge, 2004). It is therefore of essence that employees of organizations know the limits to which they should push their legal rights. Another example is the issue of abortion. In some countries, it is legal to procure an abortion. However, when one is working with certain organizations like the Catholic Church, he/she is required to be discreet about the i ssue if he/she is a proponent of abortion. This will not only help him/her have healthy working relationships with colleagues, but it will also help him/her keep his/her job.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic human resource management: Ethic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion As evidenced in the discussion above, enforcing ethics in an organization goes beyond ensuring that employees are law abiding (Heathfield, 2011, p.1). The most important aspect of ensuring an ethical workforce is communication. It is thus paramount that employees are aware of the lengths that they should go while defending their legal rights. The human resource department and the organization as a whole should also ensure that they implement deterrent structures to ensure minimal violation of ethical principles. It is, however, important to let employees have initiative in obeying some basic ethical principles. Reference L ist Fombrun, C., Tichy, N., and Devanna, M. (1984). Strategic human resource  management. New York. John Wiley and Sons. Hà ¤rtel, C., and Fujimoto, Y. (2010). Human Resource Management: Transforming  Theory into Innovative Practice, 2nd Edition. Frenchs Forrest: Pearson Education Australia. Heathfield, S. (2011). How to Do Human Resources Strategic Planning. Retrieved from https://www.thebalancecareers.com/how-to-do-human-resources-strategic-planning-1918404 Legge, K. (2004). Human Resource Management: Rhetorics and Realities, Anniversary  Edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. This report on Strategic human resource management: Ethic was written and submitted by user Sebastian S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Relationship Between Personality Types, Test Anxiety and Self-Esteem with regards to Academic Achievement

The Relationship Between Personality Types, Test Anxiety and Self-Esteem with regards to Academic Achievement Free Online Research Papers This study was performed to determine if there is a relationship between personality type, test anxiety, self-esteem and academic achievement, which was measured by the students GPA. The study was conducted at a university in Indiana using undergraduate volunteers. The study used a scale from the MBTI to help determine personality types (introvert or extrovert), also Rosenberg’s 10 item scale for self-esteem, and Spielberger’s test anxiety inventory. The hypothesis was that extraverts who have a higher self-esteem, and low test anxiety would have better success with academic achievement than those who are introverts with low self-esteem and high test anxiety. It was found in this study that there was no significant relationship between personality type, test anxiety, self-esteem and academic achievement. The Relationship Between Personality Types, Test Anxiety and Self-Esteem with Regards to GPA. Cognitive styles have been used to explain individuals’ behavior most notable using Carl Jung’s psychological types, as operationalized by Myers (1965) with the Myers – Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Using personality theory, individuals’ dispositions for certain behaviors and actions can be understood. Recent research application of the MBTI include such areas as counseling, communications, learning education, empathetic response, decision making, business investments, general theory of the MBTI, construct validity of the MBTI scales, and convergent validity of the MBTI scales with other personality constructs. Despite the MBTI’s mixed validity and weak predictive value, it has been used extensively over the past 35 years in research and training efforts worldwide (Barbuto Plummer 1998). The MBTI is used to present four scales representing four pairs of preferences: Extraversion and Introversion; Sensing and Intuition; Thinking and Felling; and Judging and Perceiving. These preferences result in 16 learning types. A type is the combination of the four preferences. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is one of the most popular instruments for assessing these preferences. This study will only be using one of the four scales. Extraversion – Introversion preference tells us how people are energized. Extraverts prefer to focus on the outer world of people and things. Extraverts find energy in things and people. They prefer interaction with others and are action oriented (Vincent Ross, 2001). Myers (1980) defined extraverts are the after thinkers; they cannot understand life until they have lived it. Their attitude is relaxed and confident. They expect the waters to prove shallow, and plunge readily into new and untried experiences. Minds outwardly directed, interest and attention following objective happenings, primarily those of the immediate environment. Their real world therefore is the outer world of people and things (Myers, 1980). Introverts focus on the inner world of ideas and impressions. Introverts find energy in the inner world of ideas, concepts, and abstractions. They can be sociable but need quiet to recharge their energies (Vincent Ross, 2001). They are the fore thinkers, and cannot live life until they understand it. Attitude reserved and questioning. They expect the waters to prove deep, and pause to take soundings in the new and untried. Minds are inwardly directed, frequently unaware of the objective environment, interest and attention being engrossed be inner events. Their real world therefore is the inner world of ideas and understanding (Myers, 1980). Extraversion and introversion have their own special dynamics and both attitudes have progressive and regressive properties (Ryckman, 1982). Speilberger (1979) states that an anxiety state may be defined in terms of the intensity of the subjective feelings of tension, apprehension, nervousness, and worry that are experienced by an individual at a particular moment, and by heightened activity of the automatic nervous system that accompanies these feelings. Anxiety will also vary in duration and also in intensity, and fluctuate over time as a function of the amount of stress that impinges upon an individual and that individual’s interpretation of the stressful situation as personally dangerous or threatening. Many students feel anxious or nervous when taking tests in college. Self-Esteem refers to an individual’s personal judgment of his or her own worth (Englert, Weed, Watson 2000). Before the 1980’s, most researchers typically computed correlations between children’s self-esteem and academic success. One comprehensive review of research up to them found that most studies reported positive correlations, usually form 0.20 to 0.40 on a 1.00 scale. But since correlations between IQ and academic performance range from 0.50 to 0.70, such results show, at best, a moderate relationship between self–esteem and academic performance (Moeller 1994). Although this is important, my study will use college students and not children. Asendorpf and Wilpers (1998) found that extraversion and socialablity predicted the overall interaction rate, the number of new peers, and various aspects of relationships with opposite – sex peers. Whether the students reported a partner or not and the number of quality of their non-peer relationships were not affected by their personality. The study that will be conducted here will focus on all aspects of extraverts and introverts, also their self-esteem. Individuals with achieving personality priorities had higher self–esteem than individuals with pleasing personality priorities and individual with detaching personality priorities. They also had higher social interest than individuals with outgoing personality priorities and fewer dysfunctional attitudes than those with pleasing personality priorities and those with detaching personality priorities (Alderian, Kottman, and Rice 1998). Ashby (1998) also found personality types were significantly different on self–esteem, social interest, internal locus of control, and dysfunctional attitudes. In general, these differences were consistent with the theoretical descriptions of each of the personality priorities. This study will also be focusing on achievement and self–esteem, but also that personality types indicated by the MBTI. Speilberger (1979) found that students with high-test anxiety tend to blame themselves for their poor performance, while low test-anxious students did not. He also found that high test- anxious students apparently respond to examination stress with intense emotional reactions and negative self-centered thoughts that impair the performance, while those low in test anxiety react with increased motivation and concentration. Gaudry and Speilberger (1971) found that at the college level, there is evidence that anxiety tends to be associated with lower grades and higher dropout rates. As cited in an article written by Kwan, Bond, Singelis (1997) there has been relative research in which links have been found between self-esteem and the five factors of personality. Concerning the effects of personality on self-esteem, previous work on American samples has found that self-esteem is positively correlated with Extraversion (strong), Openness to Experience (weak), and Conscientiousness (moderate) and is negatively correlated with Neuroticism (strong) (Costa, McCrae, Dye, 1991; Digman 1990; McCrae Costa, 1988). The same personality correlates with self-esteem were also found is Chinese student samples (Ho, 1994; Luk Bond, 1992). It thus seems that the relations between self-esteem and Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Conscientiousness are quite robust across cultures. Therefore they expected that the effects of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Conscientiousness on life satisfaction be meditated through self-esteem acros s the two cultures. (Kwan et al, 1997) Other relevant research has found that Individuals with achieving personality priorities had higher self-esteem that individuals with pleasing personality priorities and individuals with detaching personality priorities. Ashby et al. also had higher social interests than individuals with outgoing personality priorities and fewer dysfunctional attitudes than those with pleasing personality priorities and those with detaching personality priorities. (Ashby, Kottman, Rice, 1998) There has been much debate regarding whether personality variables exist as discrete classes or on a continuum. Much of the criticism surrounding the MBTI is its treatment of personality variables as discrete classes (Barbuto, 1997). Ross and Broh (2000) found that academic achievement boosts self–esteem and the sense of personal control, but the latter influences subsequent academic achievement. Most previous research on adolescent self–concept has included self–esteem or, less commonly, the sense of personal control but not both. Ross and Broh also stated that the sense of personal control and self–esteem are highly correlated but may have different consequences for academic achievement. My study believes that self-esteem does improve academic achievement. Battle (as cited by Ross and Broh, 2000) stated that in the self–esteem model, adolescents who feel good about themselves do better in school than do those who have low self–worth. Proponents of this model contend that self-esteem leads to academic success. Of course there have been alternative views such as the one cited by Ross and Broh. In contrast to the effectiveness theory of personal control presented her e others have argued that self-esteem does affect academic performance and that the consequences of self–esteem are real, not spurious, for a number of reasons. First according to self- consistency theory, self-esteem shapes our behavior because of the self–consistency motive (Rosenberg 1989), that is people act in a way that is consistent with their self-concept, so that adolescents with high self–esteem would act in ways that maintain their self-esteem (like getting good grades). My variables that are being examined in this study are personality type, test anxiety, self-esteem and it’s relationship to GPA. This research study is designed to find a relationship, if any, between the following variables: self-esteem and test anxiety, introvert / extrovert and test anxiety, GPA and test anxiety, self-esteem and GPA, extrovert / introvert and GPA, extrovert / introvert and self-esteem. The hypothesis was that Extraverts who have a higher self-esteem and low test anxiety would have better success with academic achievement than those who are introverts with low self-esteem and high test anxiety. Methods Participants There were 60 volunteers, 20 males and 40 females, who have participated in this study. The ages ranged from 18 – 44 with a mean age of 22. The participants were students who were enrolled in undergraduate courses at a university in Indiana. Participants who volunteered in this study signed an informed consent form. Questionnaire Rosenberg’s (1965) Self–Esteem scale is a well validated, 10-item measure of global, personal self – esteem. Its average type reliability analysis is greater than .80. Responses were made on a 4- point scale with the anchors of 1 (strongly disagree) and 4 (strongly agree). Half of the items have been formulated and scored in reverse direction to reduce the possibility of an acquiescence response set (Kwan, Bond, Singelis, 1997). The alpha measure for this scale in this research was .856. The Myers – Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI), which is composed of sixteen four letter combinations that represents characteristics about someone’s personality type (Myers 1965). These combinations include Extroverts and Introverts, intuition and Sensing, Thinking and Feeling, Perceiving and Judging. This research only focuses on the scales using Extroverts, Introverts. Gardner (as cited in Hill, 1999) found that test-rest reliability for continuous scores of the MBTI usually exceed .70 and often will surpass .80. Costa and McCrae (as cited in Hill, 1999) found that the MBTI is related to NEO-PI scale and found positive correlations for the E-I scale of .72. Speilberger (1979) Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) is a self-report inventory designed to measure test anxiety (TA) as a situation-specific personality trait. The TAI consists of 20 item or statements, and the respondents indicate on a four-point scale how often they experience the feeling described in each statement. The TAI provides a measure of total TA (TAI-T) as measures of two TA components worry (W) and emotionality (E). Sapp (1993) found that unlike traditional test anxiety measures, the TAI suggests that worry is not the most important component to interfere with test performance. It is the combination of high worry and emotionality scores that affect test performance. Speilberger (1979) found a test-rest reliability of .80 to .81 for two-week to one-month periods, and .62 after six months. Alpha coefficients ranged from .92 to 96. Validity for the TAI was established with a relationship between TAI and other anxiety measures, such as Sarason’s Test Anxiety Scale an d the Liebert and Morris’ Worry and Emotionality Questionnaire. There was also found to be a high correlation of .82 to .83, between the TAI score and the Test Anxiety Scale (Speilberger 1979). The alpha measure for this scale in this research was .94. Academic achievement will be measured on a 4.0 scale. All volunteers will be asked to write their current GPA in a provided space on the survey that will be passed out during normal class hours. The university GPA scales are 0.0 – 4.0. All participants were asked their age, gender, year in college, and department major. Participation was optional and those who wished to decline involvement in the study were given the opportunity to decline. All participants were also assured that their responses would be completely anonymous, that there are no right or wrong answers to any of the questions, and that their true responses are very important for the study. The questionnaires were passed out and respondents were given a week to fill out and turn back in. Results Bivariate correlations were computed for GPA, personality type, test anxiety, self-esteem, sex and age. There were no significant correlations found among the variables being studied. The mean for GPA’s extroverts was 3.03, SD = .47 and for an introvert it was 3.03, SD = .57. The mean for self-esteem’s extrovert was 1.62, SD = .48 and for introvert it was 1.77, SD = .46. The mean for test anxiety for extroverts were 2.06, SD = .68 and for introverts it was 1.89, SD = .62. Discussion The purpose of this study was to determine if there were any correlations between GPA, self-esteem, test anxiety and personality types. There were no correlations found between the variables listed above. In contrast to Ashby (1998) who found that personality types were significantly different in self-esteem, I found no such correlations. In summary, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a powerful tool in examining differences in personality. If there were a higher response rate in the return of the surveys, it is possible that some significance would have been found. Some other recommendations for future research would be to replicate this study with a larger sample regarding other colleges or universities, also to conduct this study comparing universities or colleges to one another. The results may have been affected by the participant’s year in school because a higher-level student may have experienced or developed techniques regarding test anxiety that a freshman may no t have yet developed. Also because this was a voluntary self-report measure, an introvert may be less willing to participate in the survey and less willing to report anxiety levels. The measure’s length may have also been a factor in the results because potential subjects may have been less willing to participate or accurately fill out the MBTI. An alternate scale of introversion / extroversion may have been more appropriate for this study and could have provided more accurate results. A future study involving the MBTI would be to measure the relationship between personality type to those students who complete college to those who withdraw from colleges or universities. References Asendorph, J., Wilpers, S. (1998). Personality effects on social relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6, 1531-1544. Ashby, J. (1998). Adlerian personality priorities: Psychological and attitudinal differences. Journal of Counseling and Development, 76, 467-475. Barbuto, J.E., (1997). A critique of the Myers – Briggs indicator and its operationalization of Carl Jung’s psychological types. Psychological Reports, 80, 611 – 625. Barbuto, J.E., Plummer, B.A. (1998). Mental boundaries as a new dimension of personality. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13, 421-437. Englert, D.R., Weed, N.C., Watson G.S. (2000). Convergent, discriminate, and internal properties of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (2nd ed.). Low Self-Esteem Content Scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 33, 42-55 Guadry, E., Spielberger, C. D., (1971). Anxiety and educational achievement. Sydney: John Wiley Sons. Hill, A. B., (1999). Personality characteristics associated with academic achivement among developmental college students. (Doctoral dissertaton, The Fielding Institute, 2000). Dissertation Abstracts International, 60, 3288 Kwan, V.S.Y., Bond, M.H., Singelis, T.M. (1997). Pancultural explanations for life satisfaction: Adding relationship harmony to self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 1038-1051. Moeller, T.G. (1994). What research says about self – esteem and academic performance. Education Digest, 59, 34-38. Myers, I.B. (1965). Manual: The Myers – Briggs Type Indicator. Princeton, N.J: Education Testing Service. Myers, I.B. (1980). Gifts Differing. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Nezlek, J.B., Kowalski, R.M., Leary, M.R., Blevins, T., Holgate, S. (1997). Personality moderators of reactions to interpersonal rejection: Depression and trait self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1235-1244. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Rosenberg, M., Schooler, C., Schoenbach, C., (1989). Self – esteem and adolescent problems: Modeling reciprocal effects. American Sociological Review, 54, 1004 – 1018. Ross, E.R., Broh, B.A., (2000). The roles of self-esteem and the sense of personal control in the academic achievement process, Sociology of Education. , 73, 270 –284. Ryckman R.M. (1982). Theories of personality. Belmont, CA: Brooks/ Cole. Sapp, M., (1993). Test anxiety: Applied research, assessment, and treatment interventions. Lanham: University Press of America. Spielberger, C. D., (1979). Understanding stress and anxiety. New York: Harper. Spielberger, C.D., (1980). Test Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychology Press. Spielberger, C. D., Diaz-Guerrero, R., (1976). Cross cultural anxiety. Washington DC: Hemisphere. Vincent, A., Ross, D. (2001). Personalized training: Determined learning styles, personality types and multiple intelligence online. The Learning Organization, 8, 36 – 43. Research Papers on The Relationship Between Personality Types, Test Anxiety and Self-Esteem with regards to Academic AchievementThree Concepts of PsychodynamicResearch Process Part OneStandardized TestingThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Bering Strait - Geographic Overview

Bering Strait - Geographic Overview The Bering Land Bridge, also known as the Bering Strait, was a land bridge connecting present-day eastern Siberia and the United States state of Alaska during Earths historic ice ages. For reference, Beringia is another name used to describe the Bering Land Bridge and it was coined in the mid-20th century by Eric Hulten, a Swedish botanist, who was studying plants in Alaska and northeastern Siberia. At the time of his study, he began using the word Beringia as a geographic description of the area. Beringia was about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) north to south at its widest point and was present at different times during the Pleistocene Epochs ice ages from 2.5 million to 12,000 years before the present (BP). It is significant to the study of geography because it is believed that humans migrated from the Asian continent to North America via the Bering Land Bridge during the last glaciation about 13,000-10,000 years BP. Much of what we know about the Bering Land Bridge today aside from its physical presence comes from biogeographical data showing connections between species on the Asian and North American continents. For example, there is evidence that saber tooth cats, woolly mammoths, various ungulates, and plants were on both continents around the last ice age and there would have been little way for them to appear on both without the presence of a land bridge. In addition, modern technology has been able to use this biogeographical evidence, as well as modeling of climate, sea levels, and mapping of the sea floor between present-day Siberia and Alaska to visually depict the Bering Land Bridge. Formation and Climate During the ice ages of the Pleistocene Epoch, global sea levels fell significantly in many areas around the world as the Earths water and precipitation became frozen in large continental ice sheets and glaciers. As these ice sheets and glaciers grew, global sea levels fell and in several places across the planet different land bridges became exposed. The Bering Land Bridge between eastern Siberia and Alaska was one of these. The Bering Land Bridge is believed to have existed through numerous ice ages from earlier ones around 35,000 years ago to more recent ice ages around 22,000-7,000 years ago. Most recently, it is believed that the strait between Siberia and Alaska became dry land about 15,500 years before the present, but by 6,000 years before the present, the strait was again closed due to a warming climate and rising sea levels. During the latter period, the coastlines of eastern Siberia and Alaska developed roughly the same shapes they have today. During the time of the Bering Land Bridge, it should be noted that the area between Siberia and Alaska was not glaciated like the surrounding continents because snowfall was very light in the region. This is because the wind blowing into the area from the Pacific Ocean lost its moisture before reaching Beringia when it was forced to rise over the Alaska Range in central Alaska. However, because of its very high latitude, the region would have had a similar cold and harsh climate as is in northwestern Alaska and eastern Siberia today. Flora and Fauna Because the Bering Land Bridge was not glaciated and precipitation was light, grasslands were most common on the Bering Land Bridge itself and for hundreds of miles into the Asian and North American continents. It is believed that there were very few trees and all vegetation consisted of grasses and low-lying plants and shrubs. Today, the region surrounding what remains of Beringia in northwestern Alaska and eastern Siberia still features grasslands with very few trees. The fauna of the Bering Land Bridge consisted mainly of large and small ungulates adapted to grassland environments. In addition, fossils indicate that species such as saber-toothed cats, woolly mammoths, and other large and small mammals were present on the Bering Land Bridge as well. It is also believed that when the Bering Land Bridge began to flood with rising sea levels during the end of the last ice age, these animals moved south into what is today the main North American continent. Human Evolution One of the most important things about the Bering Land Bridge is that it enabled humans to cross the Bering Sea and enter North America during the last ice age about 12,000 years ago. It is believed that these early settlers were following migrating mammals across the Bering Land Bridge and for a time may have settled on the bridge itself. As the Bering Land Bridge began to flood once again with the end of the ice age, however, humans and the animals they were following moved south along coastal North America. To learn more about the Bering Land Bridge and its status as a national preserve park today, visit the National Park Services website. References National Park Service. (2010, February 1). Bering Land Bridge National Preserve (U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved from: https://www.nps.gov/bela/index.htm Wikipedia. (2010, March 24). Beringia - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beringia

Neologisms in film and Televison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Neologisms in film and Televison - Essay Example It is considered normal in children but a symptom of altered thought content and indicative of a mental illness (likely in the psychotic spectrum such as schizophrenia) in adults. [2] Usage of neologisms may also be related to aphasia acquired after brain damage such as from a cerebral vascular accident or traumatic injury. In theology, a neologism is a relatively new doctrine (for example, rationalism). In this sense, a neologist is an innovator in the area of a doctrine or belief system, and is often considered heretical or subversive by the mainstream church. Every country has got different cultural profile and sometimes there are many cultures prevailing at the same time in one country. [3] Neologism is more seen in countries where the culture is constantly being changed.They are often created by combining existing words or by giving words new and unique suffixes or prefixes. Neologisms often become accepted and can become the part of the language. Other times, however, they disappear instantly. There are certain factors involved in order to become a part of a certain language. The most important factor is of public acceptace. Acceptance by linguistic experts and incorporation into dictionaries also plays a part, as does whether the phenomenon described by a neologism remains current, thus continuing to need a descriptor. This is quite unusual for a word to enter in common use if it does not resemble another word or words in an identifiable way. When a word or phrase is no longer "new," it is no longer a neologism. Neologisms may take decades to become "old," though. There are different opinions regarding how long a word can be considered under neologism? Different experts have their different opinion in regard but one thing is definate which is neologism after being a part of certain language cannot be considered as neologism any more. Acceptance of neologism in a

Re-writing a Creative Writing piece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Re-writing a Creative Writing piece - Essay Example She entered the postgraduate door and nodded to greet the porter who was still on the telephone but was courteous enough to nod back. After checking for mail she turned towards the library, her head full of the dreaming spires and grey skies of Oxford. The hushed atmosphere of the library was like a second home. Mohamed searched his usual furrow of bookshelves, selecting a complete works of Shakespeare, a very large English/Arabic dictionary and the post-colonial journal that he was currently working his way through. He went back to the table where he left his briefcase, passing by the section for women’s studies. The hours passed just like minutes and when the college clock struck eleven, Mohamed retired to the prayer room. As he passed by the common room on the way back, he saw Alice beaming and showing a glint in her blue eyes. â€Å"Yes, but it is our culture. Our women do not feel that it’s unfair. Besides, Islam allows us to have four wives at the most. Usually, we can afford only one. But our society is compassionate. Children are born into a loving home with all that they need. The men do not need to go astray because they always have a woman at home for, for†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes, of course. And there are things that I find hard to understand. Sometimes I just don’t get what men are all about. Strange, isn’t it? We both come from far places to seek knowledge in this ancient place.† As I reviewed the article, particularly the dialogue, while taking consideration of the feedbacks gathered, I realized that there was a tendency for the two characters to indeed sound like the other. This was expected if the writer does not put himself into each character’s distinct natures. This could also be the reason why a reader would think that the dialogue sounds too formal or scripted. Because of this, I had to make sure that the manners in which Mohamed and Alice would state

Promoting Green Technology Innovation

Promoting Green Technology Innovation The human impact onto the global equilibrium has been proved scientifically in the last years and current catastrophes like in Japan even strengthen the worldwide awareness for the protection of the environment. In our following literature review, we stated the reasons for the present development of green technologies, defined the term GT and pointed out the importance of innovations and their promotion in this sector. To solve the global problem of climate change and resource scarcity, common and individual measures have to be conducted in order to prevent long-term consequences for the world and its people. A major part of this work is dealing with the promotion of electronic mobility (e-Mobility) and how the world community is trying to force the development of this promising technology. Moreover, strengths, weaknesses and opportunities, threats are presented according to this groundbreaking industry which is supposed to change global market conditions sustainably. Key word: Green technology, Innovation, e-Mobility, Sustainability, Electric Vehicles (EVs) The Green Movement The reason for the green movement was a developed industrial society, the crisis in relations between human society and surrounding natural environment. The rapid growth of production, especially in the 1950-1960s was dictated primarily by the interests of economy for profit or political considerations (increasing the power of the states). In basis of the universal race was production for production and consumption for the sake of consumption. The company, regardless of its form of ownership, will always seek profit increasing, paying no attention to external costs (infrastructure, services, damage, destruction and repair) .The gap between the decisions on production, consumption and public expenditure generated at all levels tend to maximize, e.g. the maximum number of individual needs which are satisfied by the maximum number of items. As a result we have endanger human life and health from water, air and soil pollution by industrial and domestic waste, the destruction of many natural resources. The emerging number of effects that threat the ecological balance (greenhouse gases, global climate change, reduction of ozone layer, catastrophic erosion of soils, etc.) The ecological crisis that we face today wrote Murray Bookchin, an American environmentalist ultimately calls into question the ability of the Earth to support the development of life forms. Modern society is literally destroying all the work done by organic evolution.(Bookchin, 1991). Modern society is literally destroying all the work done by organic evolution. The issue of the nuclear weapon and energy gave the immediate impetus to the design and dissemination of the Green movement. The economy growth in 1960s was accompanied by a rapid buildup of nuclear power plants; nuclear programs in leading countries were further strengthened after the oil crisi s in the West region in 1973-1974. These subjects were considered as the sphere of competence of state military and energy policy, and because public opposition to nuclear development is directly facing the population and altruistically minded enthusiasts with the authorities and led to a radicalization of the movement. Those days popular slogan was: Better to be active than radioactive. The impact of nuclear energy and consequences can easily be seen these days: Chernobil in 1986, Fukusima in 2011 and many other incidents. In 1971, in North America the most known environmental organization Green Peace was formed. Originally, it took up the problems of nuclear tests of the USA, but has gradually extended the activity for the whole world and to a wide range, up to protection of biological kinds, waste, etc. The basic tactics of Green Peace is to draw attention of the public and the mighty ones of this world to different questions related to ecological problems. Nowadays, the green market is growing quickly and steadily, even compared to the economic environment market. Since 2008, the world economy shows the signs of the downturn, but green market remarkably grows. Dubai Chamber of commerce and industry organizations indicates that global market for environmental products will double by 2020. That shows vast opportunities for business. Change in mind of the global population In general, every single person in this planet needs to green if they want a better future for the next generations. Eventually, we will run out of carbon based fuels and we need to change to renewable sources. But in reality its just developed countries need and care about green technology and the ones without oil resourses. For example, Afghanistan, Gaiti, Tadzhikistan and about seventeen countries in Africa are experiencing food scarcity. There are revolutions in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. So probably going green its last thing they have in mind right now. But its a huge visible progress in Europe. Big taxes on oil encouraged carmakers to manufacture fuel-efficient vehicles, most of the countries signed KYOTO protocol, agreeing to reduce greenhouse emissions to a certain point, recycling, usage of wind and solar power sources. So any country which wants to reach economical sustainability, is switching to green technologies. European Union or any other state can come up with laws and restrictions, but we have just one atmosphere. So we have to make it economic , so that all people and all nations will have a profitable outcome . Energy is the mother of all markets. These days, many customers looking for a green product and retailers can lose them if they dont care about the environment. Most of them prefer green products from electric or hybrid car to reusable bags in supermarkets.The benefits of green technologies are obvious, especially when it comes to energy: population health, saving and making money, independence of some countries , sustainable economy, less political tensions and suspension of global warming. The term Green Technology has been developed in last 5 years, which describes industries promoting a value of innovations that benefit the environment. There is a time, when panic is an appropriate response.(Eugene Kleiner, 2007). And we reached that time. We are facing catastrophic and irreversible consequences. . Global warming is a problem that is connected to difficult issues such as poverty, economic development and population growth. Hundreds of millions of people around the world are already affected by water shortages, crop failures, and tropical diseases, flooding and extreme weather events-conditions that are probably going to be worse due to the global warming. We need green technology to change the impact on environment. And demand for it grows worldwide. So there are real chances to take a place in a given niche in the case of being engaged in this business right now. It requires a big investment for the companies, but return appears to be high. By switching to GT we will build better future for our children and also its a way to save and make money. Green technology What is green technology? Green technology is aiming at the usage of reusable natural resources for energy production. Target is to develop different ways to produce energy so that natural resources does not deplete. Green technology combines different methods and technologies for continuing evolving new solutions. Main areas for interest in green technology are sustainability, re-use ability, source reduction, innovation and viability. (Green technology 2010). Nowadays almost every company has products those have influences from green technology. Product life cycle, energy consumption, materials and product extermination are in important role when product ecological quantities are evaluated. The economical crisis has decreased temporary energy consumption and travelling. Bad thing is that at the same time investments for developing energy efficiency has decreased. This has negative long term influence of carbon dioxide emissions. (Vesa Laisi Vacon 2010). Fig.1: Capital Costs of Generating Technologies in 2009 Figure 1 shows capital costs of different energy production methods. One of the most important parts of green technology is energy production but there is also another important area of interest. For example construction industry tries to decrease energy consumption of buildings. New building regulations ensures green way to build houses. Also tax policy aims to lower energy consumption. Easy way for normal people to support ecological way to live is to buy products that are manufactured with the methods that have smallest impact on the environment. (Energy information administration 2010). Why is green technology important? All the time more and more consumers, investors and companies are interested in green technology. According to many studies ozone layer has decreased and now people woke up to worry about the future. World population increase force also to search new renewable energy sources because fossil energy sources cant fill future energy need. Fig.2: Clean Technology Figure 2 shows different areas where clean technology has been used. Consumers can reduce global warming by choosing materials and energy sources those have manufactured by green ways. (Clean Edge 2011). Capital investments for green technology have increased in first quarter of this year over 65%. (Dudley 2010). U.S.A is the biggest investor to clean technology. European countries have very positive attitude about green technology but investments are not so big. China is also a big factor when we are talking in clean technology. China has lot of old industry and pollutions are huge. Reasons why interest of green technology has increased so dramatically is the knowledge that fossil energy sources are running out and climate change. Fossil energy sources are very important for industrialized countries. In Finland nuclear power, waterpower and bio fuel are common energy production methods. Future energy questions are big and it is possible that those problems cant be resolved only with renewable energy sources. One main thing is to increase energy efficiency and this is segment where the smallest clean technology companies want offer solution. Improving energy efficiency helps to decre ase expenses because natural resources will be used less. (Linnainmaa 2007). Research has developed from innovative visions to serious business. Now green technology is many directors agenda in multinational companies and small innovative companies those main target is growth. Nowadays, it is lot of easier to get risk investment support and that help small innovative companies implement their strategy efficiently. Who uses green technology? Interest groups and target groups Green technology end users are consumers and industry companies. Consumers can use green technology for example house heating systems. Solar panels have been developed to potential option for summer cottage energy source. Solar panels manufacturing costs has decreased and that is big factor that help consumers to choose that option. Also use of ground heat systems has increased. One big negative issue about this option is expensive investments costs. Some countries support consumers to choose this heating system. Consumers can pay fewer taxes if they invest in this technology. Fig.3: Green is the next wave in flat panel displays Figure 3 shows how green technology has increased in flat displays. After year 2014 all displays contains energy saving functions and components are manufactured by green technologies. In 2008 most of developing work has been done and after that use of those methods has increased dramatically. Nowadays it is easy for consumer to choose products that were manufactured with green technology. Many products give information about to manufacturing method in their label. e.g. every food has mark in the label if it has been manufactured in a natural way. Industry uses green technology for example energy sources. Also choosing raw materials those have manufactured with green technology help to decrease pollutions. The development of better filters has decreased pollution in industry. One negative issue is that filters are very expensive and make competition situation unfair between e.g European and Chinese companies those dont often use that king of filters because there is not so strict legislation. Green Technology as Part of Sustainable Development Green Technology describes any application of science, knowledge or technology towards improving the relationship between human technology involvement and the impact this has on the environment and natural resources. Green technology is a category, in that it can cover many different parts of technology and human development (energy, computer and agriculture). Environmental technology is the conservation of the environmental sciences, and to decrease the negative impacts of human acts. (Green Technology 2010) Its main goals are: Sustainability Creating products that can be re-used. Change the patterns of production and consumption for reducing the waste. Developing alternatives in order to improve health and environment. Environmental degradation is worsened by extensive use of environmentally hazardous mass production technologies and use of fossil sources of energy which emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere contributing to the greenhouse effect and pollution. Only a thorough reassessment and reorganization of global development, when a central role would be given to mass transition to green technologies and intensive rather than extensive consumption, could guarantee optimistic prospects for future generations. Enterprise needs reciprocal commitment of all countries to contribute to the solving of global environmental problems according to their capacities, which could be increased through exchange of knowledge and green technologies among the countries. Green technology is a method or practical application of knowledge from environmental science to conserve the natural environment and resources, and to alleviate the negative impacts of human activity. It is called to contribute to sustainable development. It is for sure that usage of oil, gas, and coal as main sources of energy undermines the ability of future generations to use these finite sources of energy. (IPU 2009). Among traditional types of environmentally friendly renewable sources of energy, there are other technologies which contribute to global green energy balance: Biofuel: Obtained from lifeless or living biological material. It is similar to fossil fuels, which are produced from biological material. Ethanol: Esay to manufacture and process and can be made from common agricultural feedstock such as corn, potato, sugar cane etc. Anaerobic digestion: Various processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material without oxygen and is widely used to treat wastewater. It is commonly used as a renewable energy source because the process produces a methane and carbon dioxide rich biogas suitable for energy production helping replace fossil fuels. The ability to pursue an environmentally friendly shift to green technology and intensive consumption is being procrastinated by the latest 2009 world financial crisis. It greatly undermined the perspectives of long-term sustainable development. It has put the economic issues on top of the world agenda at the expense of other unresolved urgent problems of the modern globalized era. The fact is that the worst problems are highly conspicuous in poor and developing countries whose dramatic population growth makes it harder for the government to preserve states manageability, not even mentioning their weak incentives to address such abstract long-term issues like global warming. (UN 1992). In order to give a better understanding of ecological sustainable development, examples of two Asian countries are being stated below: South Korea South Korea announced a green action plan and laid out a budget of $84 billion to support it, which will help cut car emissions and improve the energy efficiency of buildings and houses. This is expected to make the country a green nation in the recent years. The aim is to become one of the worlds 7th most competitive country in 10 years in terms of energy efficiency and ability to adapt to climate change, according to a presidential statement. The country also plans to create 1.81 million new jobs. Kwon Tae Shin, said that reducing greenhouse gas emissions initiative will serve as a growth engine to drive the country to greater times. South Korean government will develop international markets for LEDs, solar cells and hybrid cars. CO2 emissions will also from part of the new strategy and will be implemented next year, said official sources. India Major industrial private sector firms formed an Alliance for Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE ), This alliance pretend to save 2,000 MW of energy by next year by promoting energy efficiency measures in homes and businesses. Also, India will form a National Environmental Protection Authority (NEPA) as a part of the country initiatives. Aims to intensify the authority of Indian environmental agencies, improve public information and transparency, demonstrate progress in environmental compliance and enforcement. Also, India has in place an eco-labeling scheme called Ecomark for identification of environmentally-friendly products. The mark is awarded to consumer goods that meet different environmental criterias (encompasses raw material extraction, manufacturing and disposal). (Shukla 2010). IV. Promotion of green technology innovation Climate change has been on an increase and proving to be a monster since the beginning of the 20th century. In the process, it has lead to global warming a; phenomena where high levels of carbon dioxide ratio exceed normal. This has resulted in increasing temperature of the earth ´s surface air and big water masses. During this time, the Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007), reported that the earth surface temperature increased out of proportion and may go further between 1.1 to 6.4 °C in the 21st century, and the finger was pointed at increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, mainly from man-made activities such as deforestation, miss-handling of the eco-system and burning of fossil fuel. For that matter, there is need for an emergency management perspective. In this management, there should be utilities for guidance and management in response to global climate change. There are many risks and vulnerabilities related to global climate change. These utilities should address these risks and vulnerabilities and combine the greens peace and the policy makers while providing a base to accommodate this need. Although this is the idea, the techniques for drawing the policies should not be undermined, since they have a potential of big challenges and disaster. The goal is to enhance policy making at all levels to be equal in order to develop a more consistent approach to combat the challenges of climate change and global warming. ( Schneider 2011). Although tackling the problem of climate change, includes a lot of challenges, there is a way forward; the Kyoto global agreement on climate change (Kyoto protocol) where, these challenges are sought to be handled. This protocol also assesses international proposals forwarded by academics and the international community. Despite its effort, there has been little achieved, yet the main issues have to be addressed. These issues include emission reduction targets for developed countries; the nature and extent of actions to limit emissions quarters of countries and its funding with an aim to reduce it. (Howes 2009). Developed countries have quarters of emission aimed at reducing emissions by 20% by 2020. One of the most positive way is to go green, which requires agility, determination and responsive in innovation. This implies that, the average emissions growth should be 1.5% by 2020. Kyoto also knows that this is an ambitious reform by developed countries despite the support of international community funding to developing country, in order for them to mitigate. (Howes 2009). Global approach Michael Zammit, United Nations climate official agrees that there is a non-consensus agreement between Europe and the USA on archiving the goal of emission reduction as specified by the Kyoto treaty. Instead of individual contribution, USA evading with helping poor countries in emissions reduction were as Europe advocates for the countries responsible for the emissions should be forced to reduce it at home. He also points out that, in this gigantic economic and political change, they should have a limit and control of greenhouse gas emissions in order to fulfil the Kyoto commitments. There for there is need for innovation of green technology. (UNFCCC 1999). Sining C. Cuevas (2011) suggests that, there should be adaptive measures on how to carry out a system that is affected by climate change. He devised a three dimensions model consisting of climate change, eco-system vulnerabilities and risks involved. He identified that climate change occurs in four different nature; intensity, variability, frequency, and quantity. This was all driven by social-economic, bio-physical, technological, and organisation means, were as the risks oriented more on income, diversity, health, mortality rate, and infrastructure risks. Although his findings give an understanding of gears that drive climate change, they are still crude to implement. Support measurements for green technology innovation Some countries are seriously embarking and subsidising green technology. For instance, China announced plans to help the growth of green technology green technology at home. It launched its financial strategy towards the end of 2008 and parting a big portion to green technology and renewable energy. Its aggressiveness in green technology reached its climax in 2009 when it injected a lot of resources to help the 1.3 Billion people with energy. These government subsidies are targeting clean energy vehicles, steel mill, development of solar and wind power in order to help develop the green technology industry. These come in form of reduced price in production which is further transfer cheaply to the consumer. (Leonardo Academy). Marketing and value communication The European Community (EC) together with the European Union (EU) has responsibilities and have obliged with the Kyoto Protocol. They have participated and contributed to the Kyoto Protocol although they sometimes tend to be non-compliant with their obligations. This prompted for a massive investment in innovation in green technology in the European Community (EC); as a result, they reduced their emission by 8% share under their obligations of EU Member States. For this reason, they dismiss the idea of redistributed of burden-sharing agreement since innovative technology, if done right, will cater for the emission-reduction target. (Schiele 2010). An empirical investigation made by Dr. Omid Sabbaghi (2011) on behaviour of Green Exchange-Traded Funds on returns and volatility factor, showed that, market-wide green returns accumulation were more pronounced in the year 2005 up to 2008 and is still promising. The need to go to green technology was still advocated for in the green stock returns. Although this is the case, some of the green technologies still have to improve its cost and the public awareness of it availability and necessity is important. Despite these issues many organisations are embarking on undertaking the idea forward in order to rip the benefits of green technology. Moreover, companies associated in environmental projects are hitting sky high with their stocks. In United States, investment in companies undertaking environmental projects in wind farms, solar parks and bio-fuel plants was $91.9 billion on top of the original $145 billion. The message is getting louder. The presence of more green technology may guarantee more investment. (Invesco Power Shares 2010) Fig. 4: Investment in green technology Green technology comes with additional un-intentional benefits. For instance, while in the design and production process, the material and design is targeted to future recycling; products meet environmental objectives. This in turn reduces the resource cost and the future price for the same product. Not only resource benefits, but also but it stimulate innovation in order to merge the future technology and the current renewable resources consequently there is less damage to the environment. Furthermore green technology attracts economic activity in products and the technology that makes them, beneficial in the global environment. (World Green). Furthermore, Leonidas C. Leonidou (2011), studied the growth of green advertising around the world between the period of 1988-2007. He realised that, the trend was favouring the green advertisements although, his target was regarding consumer goods. This is because green advertisements are more domestic rather than international. Elham Rahbar, Nabsiah Abdul Wahid, (2011) supported his findings when they made a study on determinants of effects on green marketing tools on consumers actual purchase behaviour in Penang (Malaysia). They realised that there was more trust in eco-label and eco-brand by the customers. Furthermore, there was a hug customers perception of this brand; a very big encouragement for green technology. Promoting e-Mobility The global attitude towards the environment and the impact of human being on the global equilibrium is changing. Not only since the subjective impression of an increased amount and strength of natural catastrophes and the current happenings in northern Japan, people all over the world feel that the world population cant go on with its handling of the planet. After the scientific proof of the harmful correlation between carbon dioxide and world climate, industries with huge pollutant emissions have to find ways coping with this problem. One of the biggest sources of pollution is the global car traffic which is responsible for 17% of global CO ² emissions without pollution resulting out of production processes. Additionally, it is expected that this expulsion will increase in developing countries from 30% in 2006 up to 45% in 2030. (UNEP 2009) But not only because of this reason its important to re-think the car industry. External factors which have significant influence on the branch endanger the former success of global car manufacturers today and in the future. The problem of rising oil prices, their finite nature and global governmental interference actions force the automotive industry to find new ways of mobility. Therefore, the various global players and even some small start-ups started an incomparable innovation process creating ideas for a new era of automobile. Out of numerous concepts including gas, biofuel, hydrogen and electricity, the power train with electrical energy delivered best results regarding practicability, efficiency and sustainability. Using this technology, there evolved several new innovators next to established corporations and introduced the first electrical cars on regional markets. The US based company Tesla Motors was one of them having the idea to interconnect hundreds of laptop batteries in their Tesla Roadster in order to assure a range of over one hundred kilometers. In order to get rid of the dependency of oil, countries all over the world started national investment plans in this field with extensive subsidy policies spreading from USA over Europe up to China because no one wants to lose the lead in this strategic field. The opportunities are tremendous reshuffling the whole market with an expected total market volume of $80 to $120 billion in North America, Europe and Asia by 2030 provided that electric vehicles (EV) get a share of 5 to 10 percent. (Gao, Wang, Wu 2008: 2). This development can contribute significantly to a reversal of global emission amounts caused by passenger vehicles. Under a no-action scenario and further growth of conventional power trains, the passenger vehicle pollution will increase by over 50 percent until 2030 mainly due to the booming Asian region. Quite contrary to this, there are three possible trends according to McKinsey demonstrated in figure 1: Firstly, a rapid transition towards an electric powered world would decrease emissions by 49 percent. Secondly, the optimization of present engine technology could reduce emissions up to 42 percent. Thirdly, a more balanced mix of technologies could lower emissions by 47 percent (GreenCarCongress 2009). The last scenario is currently the most likely one. Fig.5: Global passenger vehicle CO ² emissions and abatement potential On the way towards wholly emission free engines in vehicles, there are interim solutions using different types of systems as isolated applications: (IEA 2008: 1-4) Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) combine conventional gasoline engines with a battery component which allows electric drives for a limited speed and range. Therefore, an improved fuel economy especially in stop and go traffic situations is guaranteed. The first mass producer of hybrid cars has been Toyota with its Prius model which is proving technical practicability under daily routine conditions. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are an evolutionary form of HEVs because one can plug them into the electricity grid when the vehicle is parking. The built-in battery has a higher capacity and allows a higher speed maximum using the combustion engine as a range extender. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) using only electric power are the aim of every manufacturer in their research and development. Currently, the biggest problem is hereby the battery technology which is not allowing wide ranges. The Tesla Roadster solved these problems with existent technical components at first. All three types of new concepts are leading the way towards a greener future. Both hybrid cars improve the fuel efficiency and therefore the demand for oil but the biggest problem is still the purchase price which is still so high because the battery costs contribute much. Figure 6 shows the comparison between a combustion engine and an electric power train using different categories. Although the price per mile is lower by more than 20 percent, problems occur in range and the recharging. Moreover, the power is switching away from the OPEC cartel towards utility companies providing the energy for the age of eMobility. Fig.6: Electric vs. Gasoline Taking the environmental impact into account, electric drivetrains are not equivalent to zero emissions and environmental friendliness. To measure this, the well-to-wheel consideration has been developed including also the emissions generated by producing the fuel. For EV this means considering the pollution produced when generating the electric power in plants. (Hensley, Knupfer, Pinner 2009: 93). In countries like Germany, China and the United States this will often be coal whereas Denmark and Northern California could use wind power which is oftentimes not used during low demand times like at night when EVs are normally charged. Due to a test of BMW with its Mini EV, 98 percent of the test customers using this vehicle want to have renewable energy sources produced by solar, water and wind. (Seiwert [2] 2010: 2). Another important aspect